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TOOLS OF THE OCEANOGRAPHER: Equipment: Measuring tools: Other

B.  Taking Measurements of the Marine Environment
1. Temperature • Standard Thermometer • Bucket Thermometer • Reversing Thermometer (for Nansen Bottle) • Bathythermograph (BT)	2. Salinity • Hydrometer (quick test type for aquariums) • Hydrometer Set • Chemical Test Kit (Knudsen) • Salinometer
3. Oxygen • Chemical Test Kit (Winkler Titration) • Dissolved Oxygen Probe	4. pH • pH test strips • Chemical Test Kit • pH meter
5. Visibility & Color • Secchi Disk (used by itself) • Forel/Ule Scale (used with the Secchi disk)	6. Other • There are chemical tests for numerous dissolved substances including Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, Phosphates, Ammonia, Lead, Copper and Manganese
7. Depth & Profile • Sounder (lead line) • Fathometer •Surveying Equipment	8. Currents • Current Meter • Dye • Drogues • Drift Bottles • Drift Cards

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7. Depth & Profile

Sounder (lead line)
	Measures: Depth (in meters or feet) Operates: At any depth on a cable or line generally by hand Notes: Until 1993 most of the hydrographic (ocean bottom) maps from Santa Barbara Harbor north for many miles were done with a hand held sounder

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Fathometer
strip chart from fathometer	Measures: Depth (in meters or feet) Operates: Electronically by sending a sound from the boat and receiving the sound waves that bounce back from the bottom, the depth is read from a paper chart moving through the fathometer calibrated to record the depth Notes: The fathometer itself is on the boat we will use for our trawl lab, today there are several pieces from the chart

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Surveying Equipment (Sighting level, Tripod, Stadia Rod)
	Measures: Profile of the beach and shallow (to a few feet) wave wash area Operates: By sighting through the sighting level (stabilized and leveled on the tripod) to stadia rods (marked in feet) held on the beach Notes: This tool is used to survey mountains and in construction as well

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