BMS 100 Chapter Outline and List of Assigned Study Questions
Hole’s Essentials, 9^th. ed., Chapter 1

Anatomy and Physiology (p. 2)
- anatomy - form, structure, and organization of parts
- physiology - the functions of the parts
Levels of Organization (p. 3)
1. atoms - tiny particles of which all matter is composed
2. molecules - particles that contain two or more atoms bonded together
3. organelles - visible, consistent structures within cells
4. cells - have membrane, nucleus, organelles
5. tissues - numbers of similar, structurally- or functionally-connected cells; four major types
6. organs - contain two or more tissues and have form
7. systems - groups of functionally-related organs, usually interconnected
8. organism - an individual living thing
Characteristics of Life (p. 4) – PARTIAL LIST
- Respiration — obtaining oxygen, using oxygen to release energy from foods, and removing gaseous wastes.
- Digestion — breaking down food substances into component nutrients that the intestine can absorb.
- Absorption — moving substances through membranes and into body fluids.
- Circulation — moving substances through the body in body fluids.
- Excretion — removing body wastes.
* How is each of the above characteristics or functions represented in Fig. 1.4 on page 6?
Homeostasis (p. 5)
- "internal environment" must remain relatively constant (oxygen supply, nutrient/waste levels, acid/base balance, etc.)
- homeostasis = maintenance of stable internal environment
- self-regulating control systems / negative feedback
  1. receptors - monitor some controlled condition (temp., blood pressure, etc.); receptors send information to a...
  2. control center - receives information; if controlled condition is outside of normal range, control center may activate...
  3. effectors - structures that act to bring controlled condition back into normal range
- Be able to explain control of body temp. and blood pressure as negative feedback systems.
Body cavities (p. 8)
1. ventral cavity
  - organs within ventral cavity are called "viscera"
  - ventral cavity is divided by diaphragm into thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
2. dorsal cavity - cranial cavity & vertebral canal; please note:
  - vertebra = one of the bones of the spine
  - vertebral column = the set of 24 vertebrae (plus sacrum & coccyx)
  - vertebral canal = a space that runs through the vert. column
  - spinal cord = made mainly of nerve tissue; occupies vert. canal

Chapter 1 Questions at Online Learning Center - 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 18, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38, 39, 42

BMS100 Outlines | BMS100 Home

January 2009