BMS100 Past Test Questions
Chapter 2, Spring 2010
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  1. Compared to an unstable atom, a stable atom is most likely to have
    1. no electrons
    2. a very large number of electrons
    3. the "correct" number of electrons in its nucleus
    4. the "correct" number of electrons in its outer shell (orbit)

  2. Sodium ions are positively charged because
    1. they have "received" one extra proton from a chlorine atom
    2. they have "received" one extra electron from a chlorine atom
    3. they have "donated" one electron to some other atom
    4. both A. and B.

  3. The pH of blood
    1. is exactly 7.0
    2. normally fluctuates between 6 and 8
    3. normally fluctuates slightly above and below 7.4
    4. none of the above (blood is nonacidic and therefore does not have a pH)

  4. A chemical element that is present in the body, but does not usually form any bonds with other elements, is
    1. carbon
    2. oxygen
    3. nitrogen
    4. none of the above

  5. Which ion normally has two (2) positive charges when present in body fluids?
    1. hydrogen ion
    2. calcium ion
    3. chloride ion
    4. bicarbonate ion

  6. Which one of the following is most directly involved in the electrical currents that are necessary for nerve and muscle function?
    1. movements of protons into or out of atoms
    2. movement of water into or out of cells
    3. movements of ions into or out of cells
    4. movements of oxygen and carbon dioxide into or out of cells

  7. An atom with eight (8) electrons in its outer shell is likely to
    1. donate two electrons to some other atom
    2. aggressively "steal" an electron from another atom, damaging the molecule from which the electrons came
    3. none of the above, because an atom with eight (8) electrons in its outer shell would be stable
    4. none of the above, because no atom can contain eight (8) electrons in its outer shell

  8. In which case do atoms "share" electrons and form a relatively strong bond that will not dissolve in water?
    1. bond between sodium ion and chloride ion
    2. bond between one carbon atom and another carbon atom
    3. both of the above
    4. none of the above

  9. What compound has the chemical formula NH3?
    1. nitrogen gas
    2. ammonia
    3. the acidic part of an amino acid
    4. messenger RNA

  10. Other than water, the body is composed mainly of
    1. protein and fat
    2. protein and minerals such as calcium, iron, etc.
    3. carbohydrates and minerals such as calcium, iron, etc.
    4. fat and nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA

  11. Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats
    1. contain carbon and hydrogen
    2. are considered organic
    3. are all electrolytes
    4. both A. and B.
    5. all of the above

  12. When mixed in water, acids dissolve and raise the concentrations of
    1. hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions
    2. hydrogen ions and one or more positive ions
    3. hydrogen ions and one or more negative ions
    4. superoxide and hydrogen peroxide

  13. In body fluids, potassium exists as
    1. an ion with one (1) positive charge
    2. an ion with two (2) positive charges
    3. an ion with one (1) negative charge
    4. an organic compound that neutralizes simple sugars

  14. The fluid produced by the stomach contains a "strong acid." What is the most likely pH of the fluid produced by the stomach?
    1. pH 1
    2. pH 4
    3. pH 7
    4. pH 14

  15. Which one of the following is stable and present at high concentrations in body fluids?
    1. superoxide ion
    2. chlorine atom
    3. chloride ion
    4. none of the above

  16. The "fuel" that may be used by the greatest variety of cells to provide energy is
    1. glucose
    2. amino acids
    3. fatty acids
    4. electrolytes

  17. True or false? Compared to most other types of cells, neurons in the brain can use a wide variety of fuels to meet their energy requirements.
    1. True.
    2. False.

  18. Which one of the following is actually a long "chain" of monosaccharide subunits linked together?
    1. blood sugar
    2. glycogen
    3. saturated fatty acid
    4. polyunsaturated fatty acid

  19. Insulin causes many cells, including muscle fibers, to
    1. break down triglycerides and release glucose
    2. break down glycogen and release glucose
    3. absorb glucose and break down triglycerides
    4. absorb glucose and produce glycogen for carbohydrate storage

  20. If a person misses a meal and the blood sugar level is decreasing
    1. most organs will immediately start using protein as fuel
    2. fat cells will release ATP into the blood
    3. the pancreas will release all its available insulin
    4. the liver and muscles will break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood

  21. Included among the lipids are
    1. steroids and polysaccharides
    2. triglycerides and steroids
    3. triglycerides and proteins
    4. proteins and nucleic acids such as DNA

  22. Which one of the following is likely to contain the greatest number of carbon atoms?
    1. one glucose molecule
    2. one fatty acid molecule
    3. one amino acid molecule
    4. none of the above (they all contain the same number of carbon atoms)

  23. Saturated fatty acids, compared to unsaturated fatty acids,
    1. contain more hydrogen atoms
    2. cause fats/oils to solidify (harden) more easily
    3. both of the above
    4. none of the above

  24. Cholesterol is used as a starting point for the production of many _?_ in the body.
    1. saturated fatty acids
    2. hormones
    3. phospholipids
    4. nucleic acids

  25. The greatest number of calories per gram are present in
    1. sugars
    2. protein
    3. triglycerides (fats and oils)
    4. none of the above (they all contain the same number of calories per gram)

  26. A chemical element that is present in amino acids and proteins, but not present in carbohydrates or lipids, is
    1. carbon
    2. oxygen
    3. hydrogen
    4. nitrogen

  27. Which one of the following is not composed mainly or entirely of protein?
    1. enzymes
    2. antibodies
    3. testosterone and progesterone
    4. ion channels/pumps (sodium pump, etc.)

  28. Different protein molecules are likely to
    1. be made from the same twenty (20) amino acids, but in different proportions
    2. differ in the total number of amino acids in the "chain"
    3. have different conformations (3D shapes)
    4. all of the above
    5. none of the above

  29. When speaking of proteins, "primary structure" refers to
    1. one amino group plus one carboxylic acid group
    2. the dominant "R" group that determines the function of the protein
    3. the sequence of amino acids in the series (chain)
    4. the complex 3D shape of the protein molecule

  30. When speaking of proteins, "tertiary structure"
    1. is based on the primary structure
    2. refers to the complex 3D conformation of the protein molecule, which is required for the normal function of the protein
    3. is extremely resistant to and unaffected by changes in pH
    4. both A. and B.
    5. both B. and C.

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