BMS100 Past Test Questions
Chapter 9, Spring 2009

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1. The peripheral nervous system includes
   1. the spinal cord
   2. nerves that are connected to the spinal cord
   3. nerves that are connected to the brain
   4. both A. and B.
   5. both B. and C.
   
   
2. Which statement is true?
   1. Each neuron has a "trigger zone" in which action potentials originate.
   2. Action potentials originate and self-propagate on an "all-or-none" basis.
   3. Both of the above.
   4. None of the above.
   
   
3. Which is likely to make the interior of an axon electrically positive?
   1. opening of sodium gates
   2. opening of potassium gates
   3. both of the above
   4. none of the above
   
   
4. In a sensory neuron, the first part of the neuron to be activated when a stimulus occurs is/are the
   1. dendrites
   2. cell body
   3. axon
   4. none of the above (they are all activated simultaneously)
   
   
5. Which statement is NOT true of myelinated axons?
   1. The axons have glial cells wrapped around them.
   2. The axons can conduct action potentials rapidly when compared to unmyelinated axons.
   3. When present is large quantities, they constitute the "white matter" of the nervous system.
   4. They constitute the tissue in which conscious, detailed, intelligent thought occurs.
   
   
6. Which one of the following statements is true?
   1. The axon of a neuron contains the nucleus, and there is one axon per neuron.
   2. There are usually many axons per neuron, but there is only one nucleus and it is located in one of the axons.
   3. The cell body of a neuron contains the nucleus, and there is one cell body per neuron.
   4. The cell bodies of neurons contain nuclei, and there may be many cell bodies per neuron.
   
   
7. Which one of the following statements is true of a resting neuron (a neuron that is not conducting an action potential)?
   1. The concentration of sodium outside the neuron is greater than the concentration of sodium inside the neuron.
   2. The concentration of potassium outside the neuron is greater than the concentration of potassium inside the neuron.
   3. The total number of positive charges inside the neuron is equal to total number of positive charges outside the neuron.
   4. The membrane potential (voltage) is zero (0), that is, the neuron is not polarized.
   5. All of the above are true.
   
   
8. The flow of _?_ is important for action potentials in cardiac muscle fibers.
   1. sodium ions
   2. potassium ions
   3. calcium ions
   4. all of the above
   
   
9. What is the role of potassium ions in action potentials?
   1. Potassium gates open before sodium gates open and this brings the neuron or muscle fiber to the "threshold."
   2. Potassium gates open at the same time that sodium gates open to supplement the function of the sodium current.
   3. "Slow" potassium gates open during cardiac action potentials in order to prolong the action potential.
   4. Potassium gates open after sodium gates open and this helps bring the neuron or muscle fiber back to the negative (resting) voltage.
   
   
10. The cerebrum consists of
    1. two hemispheres that are functionally identical but not connected to each other
    2. two hemispheres that are functionally different and not connected to each other
    3. two hemispheres that are connected to each other by fibers in the cerebral cortex
    4. two hemispheres that are connected to each other by fibers in the corpus callosum
    
    
11. In most people, the _?_ is/are located in the left hemisphere only.
    1. association areas
    2. primary motor cortex
    3. motor speech area
    4. primary auditory cortex
    
    
12. Most sensory pathways pass through the _?_ for preliminary, subconscious processing.
    1. brainstem
    2. cerebellum
    3. thalamus
    4. hypothalamus
    
    
13. Responses to extreme heat, cold, or dehydration are initiated mainly by the
    1. thalamus
    2. hypothalamus
    3. cerebellum
    4. corpus callosum
    
    
14. Comprehension and intelligence occur to the greatest extent in the
    1. white matter of the cerebrum
    2. gray matter of the cerebellum
    3. vital centers of the brainstem
    4. association areas of the cerebral cortex
    
    
15. Action potentials that subconsciously control blood pressure and cause breathing are generated in the
    1. brainstem
    2. cerebellum
    3. thalamus
    4. hypothalamus
    
    
16. Which statement best describes brain function during complex movements?
    1. Conscious "intent" is produced by the thalamus and subconscious "corrective feedback" is produced by the hypothalamus.
    2. Conscious "intent" is produced by the cerebrum and subconscious "corrective feedback" is produced by the cerebellum.
    3. Conscious "intent" is produced by the cerebellum and subconscious "corrective feedback" is produced by the hypothalamus.
    4. Conscious "intent" is produced by the cerebellum and subconscious "corrective feedback" is produced by the cerebrum.