Biomed 100 Practice Quiz
Chapter 17, Fall 2007
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  1. Which one of the following is false?
    1. Protein metabolism results in the production of ammonia.
    2. The liver converts ammonia to urea.
    3. Ammonia and urea are both "nitrogenous" (nitrogen-containing) wastes.
    4. Ammonia and urea are both extremely toxic.
      5.

  2. Which one of the following refers to a "little ball" of capillaries?
    1. glomerulus
      2.
    2. glomerular capsule
    3. afferent arteriole
    4. proximal convoluted tubule

  3. A "renal corpuscle" consists of
    1. a glomerulus and a capsule that surrounds the glomerulus
      2.
    2. a glomerulus and an afferent arteriole that surrounds the glomerulus
    3. an afferent arteriole and a capsule that surrounds the afferent arteriole
    4. an afferent arteriole and a glomerulus that surrounds the afferent arteriole

  4. In the kidneys, filtration occurs mainly across the walls of the
    1. renal arteries
    2. capillaries of the glomerulus
      3.
    3. inner walls of the renal tubules
    4. outer walls of the glomerular capsules

  5. The filtrate (fluid formed in the renal corpuscles) is similar to blood plasma except that it is relatively lacking in
    1. sodium
    2. potassium
    3. urea
    4. ammonia
    5. protein
      6.

  6. In a person of average size, the renal corpuscles filter approximately _?_ liters of fluid per 24 hours.
    1. 1 to 2
    2. 45 to 50
    3. 99 to 100
    4. 150 to 180
      5.

  7. It is normal for urine to contain all of the following except
    1. ammonia
    2. urea
    3. sodium
    4. potassium
    5. glucose
      6.

  8. The renal tubules actively reabsorb _?_, which causes _?_ to "follow" by osmosis.
    1. urea / glucose
    2. sodium / water
      3.
    3. water / sodium
    4. potassium / sodium
    5. glucose / amino acids

  9. True or false? The nephrons are able to secrete/excrete greater amounts of certain substances (such as potassium and ammonia) than were filtered.
    1. True.
      2.
    2. False.

  10. Fluid can leave the kidneys by either the ureters or renal veins. Which carries a much greater volume of fluid per minute, the ureters or the renal veins?
    1. The ureters carry a much greater volume of fluid per minute.
    2. The renal veins carry a much greater volume of fluid per minute.
      3.
    3. None of the above (the ureters and the renal veins carry approximately equal volumes of fluid per minute).

  11. The amount of urea in the plasma is directly proportional to the amount of _?_ in the diet.
    1. sodium
    2. potassium
    3. carbohydrate
    4. protein
      5.
    5. fat

  12. Following filtration, urea is approximately 50% reabsorbed. What is the best description of what happens to the urea that is not reabsorbed?
    1. It remains in the blood and is returned to general circulation.
    2. It is transported to the liver where it is converted to ammonia.
    3. It is transported to the liver where it is converted to glucose.
    4. It is transported to the liver where it is converted to amino acids.
    5. It remains in the renal tubules and is excreted.
      6.