BMS107 SELECTED UPPER APPENDICULAR MUSCLES
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MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE PECTORAL GIRDLE
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION ACTION REMARKS
trapezius occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae,
C7-T12		 clavicle, acromion & spine of scapula accessory nerve
(CN XI)		 elevate (superior fibers), retract (middle fibers) & depress (inferior fibers) scapula -
levator scapulae C1-C4 medial border
of scapula (superior)		 C3 &
dorsal scapular n.		 elevates scapula -
rhomboid major & r. minor C7-T5 medial border
of scapula		 C5 / scapular n. retract & elevate scapula -
serratus anterior ribs medial border
of scapula		 C5-C7 /
long thoracic n.		 protracts scapula prime mover in scapula protraction
pectoralis minor ribs coracoid process
of scapula		 C8-T1 / medial pectoral n. protracts and depresses scapula -

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE ARM
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION ACTION REMARKS
latissimus dorsi T7-T12, ribs, iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia intertubercular groove of humerus C6-C8 /
thoracodorsal n.		 extends, adducts &
medially rotates arm		 prime mover of
arm extension
pectoralis major clavicle, costal cartilages, sternum greater tubercle & intertubercular groove
of humerus		 C5-T1 / medial &
lateral pectoral nn.		 flexes, adducts, &
medially rotates arm		 prime mover of
arm flexion
deltoid clavicle, acromion &
spine of scapula		 deltoid tuberosity C5-C6 / axillary n. flexes (anterior fibers),
abducts (middle fibers) & extends (posterior fibers) arm		 rotates arm medially (anterior fibers) & laterally (posterior fibers)
coracobrachialis coracoid process shaft of humerus C5-C6 / musculocutaneous n. adducts & flexes arm -
teres major lateral border & inferior angle of scapula lesser tubercle & intertubercular groove
of humerus		 C5-C6 / inferior subscapular n. extends, adducts &
medially rotates arm		 -
subscapularis subscapular fossa lesser tubercle C5-C6 /
subscapular nn.		 rotates arm medially part of
"rotator cuff"
supraspinatus supraspinous fossa greater tubercle C5-C6 / suprascapular n. abducts arm part of
"rotator cuff"
infraspinatus infraspinous fossa greater tubercle C5-C6 / suprascapular n. laterally rotates
& adducts arm		 part of
"rotator cuff"
teres minor lateral border of scapula greater tubercle C5-C6 / axillary n. laterally rotates
& adducts arm		 part of
"rotator cuff"

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION ACTION REMARKS
triceps brachii infraglenoid tubercle,
shaft of humerus
 olecranon process radial n. extends forearm
(prime mover)		 long head also extends
& adducts arm
biceps brachii supraglenoid tubercle
& coracoid process		 radial tuberosity &
bicipital aponeurosis		 C5-C6 /
musculocutaneous n.		 flexes elbow &
supinates forearm		 long head also flexes arm
brachialis anterior surface of humerus tuberosity & coronoid
process of ulna		 C5-C6 /
musculocutaneous n.		 flexes elbow joint -
brachioradialis lateral supracondylar
ridge of humerus		 styloid process
of radius		 C6-C7 / radial n. flexes elbow joint -
pronator teres medial epicondyle of humerus
& coronoid process of ulna		 lateral surface of radius C6-C7 / median n. pronates forearm -
pronator quadratus distal shaft of ulna distal shaft of radius C8-T1 / median n. pronates forearm -
supinator lateral epicondyle of humerus
& proximal shaft of ulna		 proximal shaft of radius C6-C8 / radial n. supinates forearm -

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST JOINT, HAND & FINGERS
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION ACTION REMARKS
flexor carpi radialis medial epicondyle
of humerus		 metacarpals II & III C6-C7 / median n. flexes wrist &
abducts hand		 -
palmaris longus medial epicondyle
of humerus		 flexor retinaculum &
palmar aponeurosis		 C6-C7 / median n. flexes wrist -
flexor carpi ulnaris medial epicondyle of humerus
& proximal ulna		 carpals, metacarpal V C8-T1 / ulnar n. flexes wrist &
adducts hand		 -
flexor digitorum superficialis medial epicondyle of humerus
& proximal ulna		 middle phalanges II-V C6-C7 / median n. flexes interphalangeal (PIP) joints also flexes wrist &
metacarpophalangeal joints
flexor digitorum profundus ulna distal phalanges II-V C6-C8 / median n. & C8 / ulnar n. flexes interphalangeal (DIP) joints also flexes wrist &
metacarpophalangeal joints
extensor carpi
radialis longus		 lateral supracondylar
ridge of humerus		 metacarpal II C6-C7 / radial n. extends wrist &
abducts hand		 -
extensor carpi
radialis brevis		 lateral epicondyle
of humerus		 metacarpal III C6-C7 / radial n. extends wrist &
abducts hand		 -
extensor digitorum lateral epicondyle
of humerus		 middle & distal phalanges
II-V		 C6-C8 / radial n. extends interphalangeal joints also extends wrist &
metacarpophalangeal joints
extensor carpi ulnaris lateral epicondyle of humerus & proximal ulna metacarpal V C6-C8 / radial n. extends wrist &
adducts hand		 -
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Fall 2008