BMS100 - Upper Appendicular Skeleton

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For the Lab Quiz, be able to name any bone, bone part, or other skeletal feature on this list.
The names of individual bones appear in bold.
The names of specific parts or features (see Table 7.2) appear in italics.
Also be able to distinguish between bones from the right side and bones from the left side - see Guide to "Rights and Lefts."
Reference: Shier et. al, Hole's Essentials, 9th. ed.
  • scapula (p. 147) (Netter plates 403A, 404A)
    • spine
    • acromion process
    • glenoid cavity

  • clavicle (p. 147) (Netter plate 402A)
    • sternal end
    • acromial end
  • acromioclavicular joint
  • humerus (p. 148) (Netter plates 403A, 404A)
    • head
    • greater tubercle
    • lesser tubercle
    • deltoid tuberosity
    • trochlea
    • capitulum
    • medial epicondyle
    • lateral epicondyle

  • radius (p. 149) (Netter plates 419A, 422A&B)
    • head
    • radial tuberosity
    • styloid process

  • ulna (p. 149) (Netter plates 419A, 422A&B)
    • olecranon process
    • trochlear notch
    • radial notch
    • head of ulna

  • bones of the hand (p. 150) (Netter plates 439A&B, also 435A&B)
    • carpals: "proximal row" (4 bones) and "distal row" (4 bones)
    • metacarpals (1-5)
    • phalanges (proximal phalanx, middle phalanx, distal phalanx)






BMS 100 – SELECTED MUSCLES OF THE UPPER BODY
Reference: Shier et. al, Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9th. ed.

For the Lab Quiz, be able to provide the name and action of any muscle on this list if tagged on a model or a cadaver. Also be able to translate between the names of the actions and the "real movements" of the body (i.e., know what each action "looks like" or what happens when the action is performed.

Muscles of Posterior Shoulder – Fig. 8.18, 8.20 (Netter plates 407A, 408B&C)
Name Bone of Insertion      Action
trapezius scapula & clavicle retracts (& elevates or depresses) scapula
deltoid humerus abducts (& flexes or extends) arm
latissimus dorsi humerus extends & adducts arm
“rotator cuff” humerus rotates arm (medially or laterally)
rhomboideus major scapula adducts & elevates scapula

Muscles of Anterior Shoulder – Fig. 8.19, 8.21 (Netter plate 407B)
Name Bone of Insertion      Action
deltoid humerus abducts & flexes arm
pectoralis major humerus flexes & adducts arm

Muscles of the Posterior Arm – Fig. 8.20 (Netter plate 415B)
Name Bone of Insertion      Action
teres major humerus extends & adducts arm
triceps brachii ulna extends forearm

Muscles of the Anterior Arm – Fig. 8.21 (Netter plates 414A&B)
Name Bone of Insertion      Action
biceps brachii radius flexes forearm
brachialis ulna flexes forearm

Muscles of the Anterior Forearm – Fig. 8.22 (Netter plate 429)
Name Bone of Insertion      Action
brachioradialis radius flexes forearm
pronator teres radius pronates hand
“flexor carpi” muscles carpals flex wrist; abduct or adduct wrist

Muscles of the Posterior Forearm – Fig. 8.23 (Netter plates 424A, 427)
Name Bone of Insertion      Action
supinator radius supinates hand
“extensor carpi” muscles metacarpals extend wrist; abducts or adduct wrist



Muscle Study Tutorial
  1. The concept of origin and insertion: nearly all skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton
    1. origin = the less movable point of attachment
    2. insertion = the more movable point of attachment
    3. When a muscle contracts, the insertion is drawn toward the origin.

  2. Muscle actions
    1. flexion / extension
      • flexion = decrease in angle; at shoulder, wrist, and hip joints, flexion = anterior (frontward) movement of bone
      • extension - increase in angle; at shoulder, wrist, and hip joints, extension = posterior (backward) movement of bone
    2. abduction / adduction
      • abduction = outward (away from the midline) movement of arm, thigh, etc.
      • adduction = inward (toward the midline) movement of arm, thigh, etc.
    3. pronation / supination
      • pronation = pivot movement of radius such that radius "crosses over" ulna; usually, palm faces down or back
      • supination = pivot movement of radius such that radius and ulna become parallel; usually, palm faces up or forward


Brief Guide to Upper Limb Movements
anterior to
(in front of)
posterior to
(behind)
medial to
(toward midline)
lateral to
(toward outside)
shoulder flexes arm extends arm adducts arm abducts arm
elbow flexes forearm extends forearm
-
-
wrist flexes wrist/digits extends wrist/digits adducts hand
("ulnaris" muscles)
abducts hand
("radialis" muscles)


Generalizations about the muscles of the forearm. Not all forearm muscles comply with these generalizations.
FLEXORS
EXTENSORS
location anterior (front side of) forearm posterior (back side of) forearm
origin on or near medial epicondyle of humerus on or near lateral epicondyle of humerus
remarks includes pronator teres includes supinator

Fall 2009