BMS100 - Upper Appendicular Skeleton

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BMS100 Lab Intranet | BMS100 on Internet

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For the Lab Quiz, be able to name any bone, bone part, or other skeletal feature on this list.
The names of individual bones appear in bold.
The names of specific parts or features (see Table 7.2) appear in italics.
Also be able to distinguish between bones from the right side and bones from the left side - see Guide to "Rights and Lefts."
Reference: Shier et. al, Hole's Essentials, 9th. ed.

• scapula (p. 147) (Netter plates 403A, 404A)
  • spine
  • acromion process
  • glenoid cavity
  
  
• clavicle (p. 147) (Netter plate 402A)
  • sternal end
  • acromial end

• acromioclavicular joint

• humerus (p. 148) (Netter plates 403A, 404A)
  • head
  • greater tubercle
  • lesser tubercle
  • deltoid tuberosity
  • trochlea
  • capitulum
  • medial epicondyle
  • lateral epicondyle
  
  
• radius (p. 149) (Netter plates 419A, 422A&B)
  • head
  • radial tuberosity
  • styloid process
  
  
• ulna (p. 149) (Netter plates 419A, 422A&B)
  • olecranon process
  • trochlear notch
  • radial notch
  • head of ulna
  
  
• bones of the hand (p. 150) (Netter plates 439A&B, also 435A&B)
  • carpals: "proximal row" (4 bones) and "distal row" (4 bones)
  • metacarpals (1-5)
  • phalanges (proximal phalanx, middle phalanx, distal phalanx)

BMS 100 – SELECTED MUSCLES OF THE UPPER BODY
Reference: Shier et. al, Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9th. ed.
For the Lab Quiz, be able to provide the name and action of any muscle on this list if tagged on a model or a cadaver. Also be able to translate between the names of the actions and the "real movements" of the body (i.e., know what each action "looks like" or what happens when the action is performed.
Muscles of Posterior Shoulder – Fig. 8.18, 8.20 (Netter plates 407A, 408B&C)

Name		Bone of Insertion		Action
trapezius		scapula & clavicle		retracts (& elevates or depresses) scapula
deltoid		humerus		abducts (& flexes or extends) arm
latissimus dorsi		humerus		extends & adducts arm
“rotator cuff”		humerus		rotates arm (medially or laterally)
rhomboideus major		scapula		adducts & elevates scapula

Muscles of Anterior Shoulder – Fig. 8.19, 8.21 (Netter plate 407B)

Name		Bone of Insertion		Action
deltoid		humerus		abducts & flexes arm
pectoralis major		humerus		flexes & adducts arm

Muscles of the Posterior Arm – Fig. 8.20 (Netter plate 415B)

Name		Bone of Insertion		Action
teres major		humerus		extends & adducts arm
triceps brachii		ulna		extends forearm

Muscles of the Anterior Arm – Fig. 8.21 (Netter plates 414A&B)

Name		Bone of Insertion		Action
biceps brachii		radius		flexes forearm
brachialis		ulna		flexes forearm

Muscles of the Anterior Forearm – Fig. 8.22 (Netter plate 429)

Name		Bone of Insertion		Action
brachioradialis		radius		flexes forearm
pronator teres		radius		pronates hand
“flexor carpi” muscles		carpals		flex wrist; abduct or adduct wrist

Muscles of the Posterior Forearm – Fig. 8.23 (Netter plates 424A, 427)

Name		Bone of Insertion		Action
supinator		radius		supinates hand
“extensor carpi” muscles		metacarpals		extend wrist; abducts or adduct wrist

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Muscle Study Tutorial

1. The concept of origin and insertion: nearly all skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton
   1. origin = the less movable point of attachment
   2. insertion = the more movable point of attachment
   3. When a muscle contracts, the insertion is drawn toward the origin.
   
   
2. Muscle actions
   1. flexion / extension
      • flexion = decrease in angle; at shoulder, wrist, and hip joints, flexion = anterior (frontward) movement of bone
      • extension - increase in angle; at shoulder, wrist, and hip joints, extension = posterior (backward) movement of bone
   2. abduction / adduction
      • abduction = outward (away from the midline) movement of arm, thigh, etc.
      • adduction = inward (toward the midline) movement of arm, thigh, etc.
   3. pronation / supination
      • pronation = pivot movement of radius such that radius "crosses over" ulna; usually, palm faces down or back
      • supination = pivot movement of radius such that radius and ulna become parallel; usually, palm faces up or forward

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Brief Guide to Upper Limb Movements

	anterior to (in front of)	posterior to (behind)	medial to (toward midline)	lateral to (toward outside)
shoulder	flexes arm	extends arm	adducts arm	abducts arm
elbow	flexes forearm	extends forearm	-	-
wrist	flexes wrist/digits	extends wrist/digits	adducts hand ("ulnaris" muscles)	abducts hand ("radialis" muscles)

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Generalizations about the muscles of the forearm. Not all forearm muscles comply with these generalizations.

	FLEXORS	EXTENSORS
location	anterior (front side of) forearm	posterior (back side of) forearm
origin	on or near medial epicondyle of humerus	on or near lateral epicondyle of humerus
remarks	includes pronator teres	includes supinator

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Fall 2009