BMS107 Past Test Questions
Chapter 19, Fall 2009
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  1. Lacrimal fluid that does not evaporate from the surface of the eye is eventually conveyed to the
    1. nasal cavity
    2. scleral venous sinus
    3. membranous labyrinth
    4. anterior chamber of the anterior cavity of the eye

  2. True or false? An important function of the cornea is to prevent refraction of light rays that are entering the eye.
    1. True.
    2. False.

  3. Which statement about the conjunctiva is true?
    1. The conjunctiva is a mucous membrane.
    2. A portion of the conjunctiva provides the posterior lining of each palpebra.
    3. A portion of the conjunctiva covers the exposed portion of each eyeball.
    4. All of the above are true.

  4. Which part of the eye is best able to protect the eye from traumatic injury?
    1. sclera
    2. choroid
    3. ora serrata
    4. ciliary body

  5. Two parts of the eye that normally contain the greatest amount of pigment are the
    1. iris and the pupil
    2. choroid and the iris
    3. ciliary body and the cornea
    4. ganglion cell layer and the choroid

  6. The suspensory ligaments attach the lens most directly to the
    1. iris
    2. sclera
    3. choroid
    4. ciliary muscle

  7. The sphincter pupillae and the dilator pupillae are parts of the
    1. iris
    2. ciliary body
    3. neural tunic
    4. fibrous tunic

  8. In which case are there more photoreceptors per ganglion cell?
    1. in the pathways originating with rods
    2. in the pathways originating with cones
    3. in the pathway originating at the optic disc
    4. none of the above (the number of photoreceptors per ganglion cell is constant)

  9. An image formed on the _?_ will be seen with the greatest detail.
    1. optic disc
    2. ora serrata
    3. vitreous body
    4. fovea centralis

  10. The ability to respond differently to red light, green light, and blue light is a primary function of different types of
    1. rods
    2. cones
    3. bipolar cells
    4. ganglion cells

  11. What is the basic function of the bipolar cells of the retina?
    1. Conduct signals from rods to cones.
    2. Conduct signals from rods to ganglion cells.
    3. Conduct signals from cones to ganglion cells.
    4. Both B. and C.

  12. Each optic nerve is actually a collection of the axons of
    1. bipolar cells
    2. ganglion cells
    3. photoreceptors
    4. lateral geniculate nucleus neurons

  13. Which statement about the optic chiasm is true?
    1. It contains synapses between bipolar cells and ganglion cells.
    2. It contains nuclei that provide preliminary processing of visual information.
    3. It allows all of the ganglion cell axons to decussate (cross over) to the opposite of the body.
    4. It allows approximately one half of the ganglion cell axons to decussate (cross over) to the opposite of the body.

  14. The optic tracts are
    1. bundles of axons within the retina.
    2. the same as the optic nerves.
    3. the connections between the optic chiasm and the thalamus.
    4. the connections between the thalamus and the occipital lobes.

  15. The greatest percentage of the _?_ is occupied by aqueous humor.
    1. anterior cavity
    2. posterior cavity
    3. posterior chamber only
    4. anterior chamber only

  16. Intraocular pressure is maintained mainly by
    1. contraction of the ciliary muscle.
    2. tension in the suspensory ligaments.
    3. gases dissolved in the vitreous body.
    4. continuous production of aqueous humor inside the eye.

  17. The vitreous body is
    1. a "spot" on the retina that is visible with an ophthalmoscope
    2. a mass of transparent gel that fills the posterior cavity of the eye
    3. a mass of epithelium that produces aqueous humor
    4. a circular sinus that reabsorbs aqueous humor

  18. The medial surface of the tympanic membrane is lined by
    1. a mucous membrane
    2. a serous membrane
    3. the tensor tympani
    4. the membranous labyrinth

  19. The auditory tube allows the pressure in the _?_ to equalize with atmospheric pressure.
    1. cochlear duct
    2. middle ear cavity
    3. semicircular canals
    4. vestibular apparatus

  20. The stapes is
    1. the largest of the auditory ossicles
    2. the smallest muscle in the body
    3. in contact with the oval window
    4. located entirely in the internal (inner) ear

  21. Which auditory ossicle(s) is/are in direct contact with the tympanic membrane ("eardrum")?
    1. incus
    2. stapes
    3. malleus
    4. all of the above
    5. none of the above

  22. A function of the auditory ossicles is to
    1. facilitate equalization of pressure between different parts of the ear
    2. support and protect cochlea and vestibular apparatus
    3. increase the pressure of the vibrations entering the internal (inner) ear
    4. decrease the pressure of the vibrations entering the internal (inner) ear

  23. The stapedius and the tensor tympani are
    1. the official names of the "stirrup" and the "eardrum" respectively
    2. the official names of the "oval window" and the "round window" respectively
    3. muscles that contract to enhance the ability to hear soft sounds
    4. muscles that contract to protect the ear from excessively loud sound

  24. Which statement best describes the relationship between the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth?
    1. The membranous labyrinth of an embryo develops into the bony labyrinth prior to birth.
    2. The membranous labyrinth "fits within" the bony labyrinth.
    3. The bony labyrinth is the set of bones that conducts vibrations into membranous labyrinth.
    4. The bony labyrinth is involved in hearing while the membranous labyrinth is involved in equilibrium.

  25. The membranous labyrinth contains or includes
    1. a fluid called perilymph
    2. a fluid called endolymph
    3. a "spiral organ" with hair cells
    4. both A. and C.
    5. both B. and C.

  26. Receptors known as hair cells
    1. are present in the cochlea and in the vestibular apparatus
    2. are involved in the sense of hearing and in the sense of equilibrium
    3. both of the above
    4. none of the above

  27. The auditory pathway includes nuclei located in the
    1. brainstem and thalamus
    2. brainstem and cerebellum
    3. thalamus and hypothalamus
    4. cerebellum and hypothalamus

  28. The otolithic membrane, which aids in sensing tilt of the head, is located in the
    1. cochlea
    2. cerebellum
    3. middle ear cavity
    4. vestibular apparatus

  29. Which one of the following is involved in the sense of rotation of the head?
    1. semicircular canals
    2. movement of endolymph
    3. distortion of hair cells
    4. vestibular branch of CN VIII
    5. all of the above

  30. Which statement best identifies the most direct, immediate cause of stimulation of the hair cells of the spiral organ?
    1. movements of the auditory ossicles
    2. movements of the otolithic membrane
    3. pressure waves traveling through endolymph and perilymph
    4. differential movements of the membranes and supporting cells to which the hair cells are attached

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