BMS107 Chapter 2 Outline & Study Questions for McKinley & O'Laughlin
Outlines | Home
  1. The Study of Cells
    1. cytology = study of cells
    2. cell size
      • micrometer (micron) = millionth of a meter
      • diameter of hepatocyte (liver cell) = approx. 25 micrometers (How many hepatocytes per inch?)
    3. three basic constituents
      1. plasma (cell) membrane ( = outer boundary)
        • composed of lipids and protein
        • primary lipids are phospholipids arranged in a bilayer
      2. nucleus
      3. cytoplasm ( = all contents between nucleus and plasma membrane)
    4. fluid compartments
      1. intracellular fluid (ICF)
      2. extracellular fluid (ECF) - interstitial fluid ("tissue fluid"), plasma, etc.

  2. Cytoplasm
    1. contains cytosol, organelles, and inclusions
    2. non-membrane-bound organelles
      • ribosomes - sites of protein synthesis
      • cytoskeleton - includes microtubules that maintain cell shape and rigidity, direct organelle and chromosome movements, etc.
    3. membrane-bound organelles
      • rough endoplasmic reticulum - produces, transports, and stores proteins for secretion
      • vesicles - surrounded by membrane; includes transport vesicles and secretory vesicles
      • Golgi apparatus (G. complex) - modifies, sorts, and packages proteins that arrive from RER (example: pancreas / secretion of enzymes)
      • smooth endoplasmic reticulum - produces, transports, and stores lipids; detoxification
      • lysosomes - contain enzymes used to digest certain macromolecules
      • mitochondria - produce large amounts of ATP ("energy currency")

  3. Nucleus
    1. chromatin = relatively uncoiled DNA and protein
    2. Cell Cycle
      • phases of cell cycle: interphase >>> mitosis >>> cytokinesis
      • interphase - time of maintenance, growth, DNA replication, etc.
      • mitotic phase (mitosis) - division of nucleus; four consecutive phases:
        1. prophase - chromatin becomes supercoiled into dense chromosomes; each chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids
        2. metaphase - chromosomes lines up along equatorial plate; spindle fibers (microtubules) attach to chromosomes
        3. anaphase - spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart
        4. telophase - chromosomes uncoil; new nuclear envelopes form
      • cytokinesis = division of cytoplasm (somatic cell division produces two identical daughter cells)
    3. stem cells, differentiation and progenitor cells
      • stem cells = cells that retain ability to divide repeatedly without specializing
      • cells come from preexisting cells by mitosis
      • progenitor cells = partially specialized cells
      • differentiation = process of cell specialization
Chapter 2 Study Questions
    In Textbook, Second Edition
  • What Did You Learn? - 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16
  • What Do You Think? - 3
  • Matching - 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10
  • Multiple Choice - 1, 5, 6, 7, 9
  • Content Review - 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10
At OLC (Publisher's Web Site)
(may work better with windows in Tile mode (not Maximized)
Simple Multiple Choice - 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30
Difficult Multiple Choice - 1, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23, 25
Challenge Yourself - 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Outlines | Home
January 2009