1. Go to the Biology Computer Lab, EBS 215.
2. Start the PhysioEx software and make the following selections:
   
   Main Menu > Cardiovascular Dynamics



3. Go to the Experiment menu and select Pump Mechanics.
1. In the set of experiments, the chamber on the left represents the atria, the chamber in the center represents the ventricles, and the chamber on the right represents the arteries.
2. Set Atrial Pressure (on the left) to 40 mm. Hg.
3. Set Pump Pressure Pressure (in center) to 120 mm. Hg.
4. Set Arterial Pressure (on the right) to 80 mm. Hg.
5. Set Max. Strokes to 10.
6. Set Pump Volumes as follows:
   1. Start - 120 ml.
   2. End - 50 ml.
7. Press the Auto Pump button.
Question #1: What is the Rate (Heart Rate) in strokes/min. (beats per minute)?
Set Arterial Pressure (on right) to 150 mm. Hg. to simulate a state of hypertension (high blood pressure).
Question #2: What must be done to the Ventricular Pressure (center chamber) in order to force fluid out of the pump?
Set Arterial Pressure (on the right) back to 80 mm. Hg.
Exercise causes the pump volume at the end of each ventricular contraction to be lowered. Reduce the Pump volume at the End to 35 ml.
Question #3: What happens to the Stroke volume (in ml.) when the "pump volume at the end" is reduced to 35 ml.?
Press the Refill button if necessary.
Press the Auto Pump button.
Question #4: Which of the following were decreased when the Pump Vol./Stroke (stroke volume) was increased? Choose one.
1. Rate (heart rate, in strokes/min.)
2. Flow (in ml./min.)
In a weak heart, the "Pump volume at the End"is high because the heart is not pumping effectively. Increase the Pump volume at End to 90 ml.
Press Refill if necessary.
Press Auto Pump and observe the heart rate (center chamber).
Question #5: What Rate in strokes/min. is shown after 10 strokes when the heart has been "weakened?"


4. Go to the Experiment menu and select Vessel Resistance.
1. Set Radius to 3.0 mm.
2. Set Length to 25 mm.
3. Set Viscosity to 3.5.
4. Set Pressure to 100 mm. Hg.
5. Press Start to start the pump.
Question #6: What was the flow in ml./min.?
Set Radius to 6.0 mm. to "dilate" the vessel to two times its original radius.
Press Refill if necessary.
Press Start to start the pump again.
Question #7: What is the Flow in ml./min. with the vessel dilated to 6.0 mm.?
Question #8: The Flow in the vessel that has dilated to two times its original radius is... (choose one)
1. less than one half the original Flow
2. one half the original Flow
3. two times the original Flow
4. more than ten times the original Flow
Set Radius to 3.0 mm.
Set Length to 50 mm.
Press Refill if necessary.
Press Start.
Question #9: What is the Flow in ml./min.?
Note that the flow with the vessel length at 50 mm. is less than the flow with the vessel length at 25 mm.
Question #10: What Pressure is required to maintain a Flow of at least 35 ml./min. when the length has increased?
Increase in blood vessel length is correlated with obesity and overweight conditions. Note the effect on the pressure requirements of the system when the vessel length is abnormally high.


5. Submit the correct answers to the questions. If using e mail:
   • Go into your e mail software and create a new message.
   • In the subject line, put one of the following:
     • Mbms100CV if you are enrolled in the Monday lab
     • Wbms100CV if you are enrolled in the Wednesday lab
     • THbms100CV if you are enrolled in the Thursday lab
   • Copy the following list of questions and paste it into the body of the e mail message.
   • Type in your answers to the questions.
   • Send the e mail to connell@sbcc.edu and send a Cc to yourself as a "receipt." Save your "receipt" until credit is posted.

Your full name and lab section (0 pts.)
1. What is the Rate (Heart Rate) in strokes/min. (beats per minute)?
2. What must be done to the Ventricular Pressure (center chamber) in order to force fluid out of the pump?
3. What happens to the Stroke volume (in ml.) when the "pump volume at the end" is reduced to 35 ml.?
4. Which of the following were decreased when 
	the Pump Vol./Stroke (stroke volume) was increased? Choose one.
	a. Rate (heart rate, in  strokes/min.)
	b. Flow (in ml./min.)
5. What Rate in strokes/min. is shown after 10 strokes when the heart has been "weakened?"
6. What was the flow in ml./min.?
7. What is the Flow in ml./min. with the vessel dilated to 6.0 mm.?
8. The Flow in the vessel that has dilated to two times its original radius is...  (choose one)
	a. less than one half the original Flow
	b. one half the original Flow
	c. two times the original Flow
	d. more than ten times the original Flow
9. What is the Flow in ml./min.?
10. What Pressure is required to maintain a Flow of at least 35 ml./min. when the length has increased?