1)

1) Which of the following represents an ecosystem that may be studied by an ecologist?

a) an animal's mouth

b) a small pond

c) an estuary

d) a large forest

e) all of the above

2) Ecology is

a) all the organisms in an area

b) the study of organisms and their interactions with their environment

c) all the biotic and abiotic components of an area

d) a community and its environment

e) none of the above

3) What kinds of organisms in an ecosystem are the producers?

a) green plants

b) worms

c) herbivores

d) birds

e) all of these

4) Organisms which synthesize their own food using an inorganic energy source such as sunlight are called ___.

a) saprotrophs

b) autotrophs

c) heterotrophs

d) secondary consumers

e) none of the above

5) The energy for most communities comes from

a) the sun

b) decomposition of organisms

c) oceans and lakes

d) secondary consumers

e) all of the above

6) Organisms that use the tissues of other organisms for food are called ___.

a) consumers

b) saprotrophs

c) heterotrophs

d) autotrophs

e) a, b, and c

7) An organism's habitat is

a) the surroundings in which it lives

b) the abiotic components of the environment

c) the resources it uses in the environment

d) the lifestyle to which it is fitted

8) Carnivores are

a) primary consumers

b) secondary consumers

c) detritivores

d) omnivores

e) producers

9) A plant defense mechanism to escape predation is

a) thorns

b) spines

c) a thick waxy cuticle

d) bad tasting chemicals

e) all of the above

10) The type of symbiotic relationship where one symbiont is benefited and the other is harmed, is ___.

a) parasitism

b) mutualism

c) commensalism

d) predation

e) none of these

11) Carbon is taken from the atmosphere and bound into organic molecules through ___.

a) erosion

b) photosynthesis

c) combustion

d) predation

12) The complex of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem is known as

a) trophic levels

b) a food web

c) a biogeochemical cycle

d) succession

e) energy flow

13) In tropical rain forests

a) there is an intense competition for available sunlight in the understory

b) diversity of species is limited

c) the soil is fertile

d) the bulk of mineral nutrients is in the soil

e) all of the above

14) The ___ biome is the one that is best suited for cropland when cleared of native vegetation.

a) tropical rain forest

b) chaparral

c) temperate rain forest

d) taiga

e) temperate grasslands

15) Open, boggy plains with short growing seasons, limited rainfall, dwarf trees, and permafrost characterize the

a) taiga

b) tundra

c) temperate deciduous forest

d) desert

e) grassland

16) The biome that can have enormous fluctuations of daily and seasonal temperatures is the

a) temperate deciduous forest

b) savannah

c) tundra

d) desert

e) none of the above

17) High precipitation, cool summers, mild winters, and an evergreen forest characterize the ___ biome.

a) temperate deciduous forest

b) temperate rain forest

c) tropical rain forest

d) taiga

e) chaparral

18) The biome generally receiving less than 25 centimeters (10 inches) precipitation per year is the

a) taiga

b) desert

c) temperate grasslands

d) temperate deciduous forest

19) Sparse plant cover, small nocturnal animals, and exposed soils are typical of the ___ biome.

a) tundra

b) desert

c) chaparral

d) temperate grassland

e) savanna

20) Low diversity in plant species, dwarf shrubs, and extremely slow regeneration after disturbance are typical of the ___ biome.

a) tundra

b) desert

c) chaparral

d) temperate grassland

e) savanna

21) Hot summers and cool to cold winters, low to moderate precipitation, and the best agricultural soils in the world characterize the ___ biome.

a) savanna

b) chaparral

c) temperate grassland

d) temperate deciduous forest

e) desert

22) Daily precipitation, warm temperatures, and great species diversity characterize the___ biome.

a) savanna

b) tropical rain forest

c) temperate grassland

d) temperate deciduous forest

e) temperate rain forest

23) These biomes are dominated by conifers:

a) tundra and taiga

b) taiga and temperate rain forest

c) temperate rain forest and tropical rain forest

d) chaparral and savanna

e) temperate deciduous forest and temperate rain forest

24) Hot summers and pronounced winters, moderate to high rainfall, and a dense canopy of broad-leaved trees over saplings and shrubs characterize the ___ biome.

a) savanna

b) tropical rain forest

c) temperate grassland

d) temperate deciduous forest

e) temperate rain forest

25) Increases in the amount of ___ in the atmosphere may be a threat to the world because of the greenhouse effect.

a) carbonate

b) carbon dioxide

c) helium

d) nitrogen gas

e) none of the above

26) A one-way relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of another is called

a) commensalism.

b) competitive exclusion.

c) parasitism.

d) mutualism.

e) neutral relationship.

27) Chemicals in both plants and animals serve as which of the following to predators?

a) warnings

b) repellents

c) toxins

d) bad tastes

e) all of these

28) In a natural community, the primary consumers are

a) herbivores.

b) carnivores.

c) scavengers.

d) decomposers.

e) all of these

29) What kind of relationship exists between a tick and a dog?

a) parasite-host

b) mutualism

c) interspecific competition

d) intraspecific competition

e) predator-prey