BOT 100 review 4 7/10/08

1. Ferns and fern allies

A. reproduce by forming spores

B. exhibit dichotomous branching

C. have a dominant gametophyte generation

D. lack true leaves

E. all of the above

2. Ferns

A. are an ancient group of plants

B. possess vascular tissue

C. are successful today as seen by their diversity

D. all of the above

3. The simplest vascular plants are the ___ because they lack true roots and leaves.

A. ferns

B. club mosses

C. whisk ferns

D. horsetails

E. bryophytes

4. Hollow, jointed stems impregnated with silica are a characteristic of ___.

A. ferns

B. horsetails

C. whisk ferns

D. tree ferns

E. club mosses

5. A microspore will produce

A. a female gametophyte

B. a male gametophyte

C. sporophyte

D. both male and female gametophytes

E. none of the above

6. An adaptive advantage that seeds have over spores is that

A. seeds can be dispersed by wind

B. seeds contain a food supply

C. seeds have a single cell which will develop into the new sporophyte

D. spores produce unicellular gametophytes, while seeds produce multicellular gametophytes

E. none of the above

7. In gymnosperms

A. the sporophyte generation is greatly reduced

B. the gametophyte generation is greatly reduced

C. the gametophyte is free-living

D. the life cycle does not have an alternation of generations

8. The gymnosperms

A. are a diverse group of plants

B. consist of four different evolutionary lines

C. bear seeds

D. possess vascular tissues

E. all of the above

9. All conifers

A. are woody plants

B. are deciduous

C. have vessels in their woody tissues

D. are dioecious

E. none of the above

10. In the pine life cycle

A. water is needed to transport sperm cells

B. male cones are large, woody, and found on the tree year-round, while female cones are small and appear only in the spring

C. the gametophyte generation is restricted in size to microscopic structures in the cones

D. all of the above

E. none of the above

11. Pollen grains in conifers

A. have large air sacs

B. are produced in great numbers from each male cone

C. are carried by wind currents to female cones

D. adhere to sticky droplets produced by the female cones

E. all of the above

12. The seeds of pines

A. contain an embryo but no food reserve

B. have a papery wing at one end to aid in dispersal by wind currents

C. have a thin, soft seed coat

D. are produced in open clusters like grapes

E. none of the above

13. ___ are gymnosperms that superficially resemble palms or tree ferns.

A. Conifers

B. Cycads

C. Ginkgo

D. Gnetophytes

E. None of the above

14. Conifers are

A. restricted to high altitudes and latitudes

B. important timber species

C. becoming rare

D. all of the above

E. none of the above

15. The transfer of pollen from male cones to female cones is called ___.

A. fertilization

B. pollination

C. germination

D. evolution

E. none of the above

16. The kingdom Protista

A. contains predominantly unicellular organisms

B. has both heterotrophic and autotrophic members

C. contains prokaryotic organisms

D. all of the above

17. Red tides are caused by population explosions of ___.

A. diatoms

B. dinoflagellates

C. water molds

D. euglenoids

E. green algae

18. Brown algae live in ___ ecosystems.

A. freshwater

B. marine

C. terrestrial

D. symbiotic

E. plankton

19. The brown alga Fucus has a supporting base called a ____, which attaches the organism to rocks in the intertidal zone

A. blade

B. lamina

C. stipe

D. holdfast

20. Mosses, hornworts, and liverworts are not considered completely adapted to land because they

A. have rhizoids

B. do not grow in soil

C. have an alternation of generations in their life cycle

D. require water as a transport medium for sperm cells

E. all of the above

21. Plants are thought to have evolved from ancient green algae because

A. they have the same photosynthetic pigments

B. they both have cellulose in their cell walls

C. they both store excess carbohydrates as starch

D. there are similarities in cell division

E. all of the above

22. The chemical ___ in cell walls is a polymer that provides strength and enables trees to grow tall.

A. cellulose

B. starch

C. lignin

D. chitin

E. none of the above

23. Bryophytes are typically quite small because

A. they have no means of transporting water and nutrients for any distance in their bodies

B. the haploid generation is dominant

C. they are closely related to algae

D. their rhizoids are not efficient holdfasts

E. none of the above

24. The moss gametophyte generation

A. is green and "leafy"

B. is independent of the sporophyte generation

C. bears antheridia and archegonia

D. produces spores

25. Mosses

A. frequently colonize rocky sites that were previously colonized by lichens

B. play a role in forming soil

C. help prevent soil erosion because they grow packed together in dense colonies

D. help retain moisture in the soil

E. all of the above

26. Certain kinds of brown algae called "kelps" form extensive underwater "forests" that provide food and habitats for many marine organisms.

A. True

B. False

27. In plants, the gametophyte is formed from the union of two gametes, and the sporophyte is formed from the union of two spores.

A. True

B. False

28. The green "carpets" of moss in the forest are sporophyte plants.

A. True

B. False

29. Ferns do not require water to accomplish fertilization

A. True

B. False

30. Prokaryotic cells

A. lack the membrane-bounded organelles that are typical of eukaryotic cells

B. are much smaller than typical eukaryotic cells

C. usually have a cell wall

D. have ribosomes

E. all of the above

31. Bacteria have

A. nuclei

B. DNA

C. Golgi bodies

D. mitochondria

E. all of the above

32. Archaebacteria are adapted to extreme environments such as that existing today in

A. hot sulfur springs

B. your digestive tract

C. salt ponds

D. all of the above

E. all but b

33. The bacterial cell shape called coccus is a

A. sphere

B. spiral

C. rod

D. chain

E. none of the above

34. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

A. are eubacteria

B. are gram-negative rods

C. can change atmospheric nitrogen into inorganic compounds that can be used by plants

D. are found free-living in soil and aquatic environments as well as associated symbiotically with plant roots

E. all of the above

35. Bacteria are ecologically important because

A. they fix atmospheric nitrogen

B. they decompose organic material

C. they recycle nutrients

D. some can decompose hazardous wastes produced by humans

E. all of the above

36. IN THE VIDEO INTIMATE STRANGERS what were the goals of the Biosphere project?

37. What functions does fungus perform in the environment?

38. What part makes up the bulk of a fungus and how does it function?

39. What are foods made with fungus?

40. What are human diseases caused by fungus?

41. What are foods made with bacteria?

42. What are human diseases caused by bacteria?

43. What is the most common human disease not caused by fungus or bacteria?

44. How are the ferns like the bryophytes and how are they different?

45. What is the main economic product that came from ferns and how was it made?

46. What is the current main economic use for live ferns?

47. What 3 world records do conifers hold?

48. What are two major advances seen in gymnosperms when compared to ferns?

49. What is the major evolutionary advancement in flowering plants and why is it so useful?

50. What did the seed evolve from?

51. What are two reasons seeds are such a significant evolutionary development?

52. What are two adaptive features of pine needles?

53. Algae are not classified as plants because

54. How do Plants differ from algae?

55. Plants are thought to have evolved from ancient green algae because

56. List six major challenges encountered by plants as they evolved to colonize land, and describe the adaptations they developed that made the transition to land possible.